What is a simple story that conveys a moral or religious lesson called?

A simple story that conveys a moral or religious lesson is referred to as a parable. Parables are concise narratives that use everyday situations to illustrate deeper truths and ethical teachings. They often include relatable characters and scenarios, making the lessons accessible to a wide audience.

For example, many of the teachings of Jesus in the New Testament are presented through parables, such as "The Good Samaritan," which teaches principles of compassion and neighborly love. The focus on moral lessons distinguishes parables from other forms of storytelling.

In contrast, fables also convey morals but typically feature anthropomorphic animals. Myths are concerned with explaining the origins of the universe, natural phenomena, or cultural practices and do not primarily focus on moral instruction. Allegories use extended metaphors to convey complex ideas, often critiquing society or politics, and are usually more intricate than a straightforward parable. Thus, the parable fits the definition of a simple story centered on moral or religious lessons best.