What is the action of singing or playing for someone called?

The action of singing or playing for someone is specifically referred to as a serenade. This term is traditionally used to describe a love song performed in the open air, typically for someone special. The personal and often intimate nature of a serenade differentiates it from other forms of musical presentations.

In contrast, a recital focuses on showcasing talent, often performed by a soloist or a small group in a more formal setting. Performance is a broad term that encompasses all musical presentations and does not possess the romantic nuance of a serenade. Similarly, a concert generally refers to larger musical events where many performers or groups may play for an audience, lacking the personalized aspect intrinsic to a serenade. Thus, when considering the nuance and intent behind the performance, serenade is the most accurate term for the context of singing or playing specifically for an individual.