What is the name of the Japanese poem consisting of five lines with a specific syllable pattern?

The term you are looking for is Tanka, which refers to a traditional form of Japanese poetry that is structured into five lines with a specific syllable pattern of 5-7-5-7-7. This distinctive form allows for a depth of expression and emotion, often reflecting themes of nature, love, and the human experience.

In contrast, Haiku, which is also a well-known Japanese poetic form, consists of three lines with a syllable pattern of 5-7-5. A Sonnet is a poetic form that typically consists of 14 lines and follows specific rhyme schemes. Free verse, on the other hand, eschews traditional meter and rhyme altogether, allowing poets the freedom to experiment with line length and form. Understanding these distinctions highlights the unique qualities of each poetic form and their specific structures.