What is the process of deriving general principles from particular facts?

The process of deriving general principles from particular facts is known as inductive reasoning. This approach involves observing specific instances or examples and then formulating broader generalizations based on those observations. For instance, if you notice that the sun has risen in the east every day of your life, you might inductively conclude that the sun always rises in the east.

Inductive reasoning is characterized by its movement from specific data points to generalized conclusions, making it a foundational aspect of scientific inquiry and everyday reasoning. This method is particularly useful in hypothesis generation and theory formulation, as it allows for the development of ideas based on accumulated evidence.

In contrast, deductive reasoning starts with general principles and applies them to specific cases to reach a conclusion. Abductive reasoning involves forming a hypothesis that explains observations, often seen as a form of best guess based on available information. Comparative reasoning typically refers to assessing similarities and differences between entities rather than deriving general principles from specific instances, further distinguishing it from the process described in the question.