What is the term for the contrast of light and dark in art?

Chiaroscuro is the term used to describe the contrast between light and dark in art, particularly in drawing and painting. This technique is employed to create a sense of volume and depth by manipulating light and shadow. By using chiaroscuro, artists can highlight certain aspects of their subject matter while obscuring others, effectively guiding the viewer's eye and enhancing the three-dimensionality of the work. This method was famously utilized by artists such as Caravaggio and Leonardo da Vinci to evoke mood and drama in their compositions.

The other terms offered do not relate directly to the contrast of light and dark. Symmetry refers to balanced proportions in art, perspective involves the technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional plane, and gradient pertains to a gradual change in color or tone rather than specifically relating to light and dark contrasts. Thus, chiaroscuro stands out as the most appropriate answer in this context.