Which literary critics are known for viewing literary work as a series of existential expressions of the author's conscience?

The Geneva School, particularly through the lens of literary criticism, emphasizes the idea that texts are reflections of the author's consciousness and existential experiences. Critics associated with this school focus on how literature expresses the inner workings of the author's mind and explores themes such as identity, ethics, and existential dilemmas. This perspective allows for a deeper understanding of how literature conveys personal and psychological truths, positioning the author's individual experience as central to the interpretation of the text.

In contrast, the other options, like New Criticism, Structuralism, and Formalism, focus on more objective criteria for analyzing texts. New Criticism emphasizes close reading and analysis of the text itself, without considering authorial intent or biographical context. Structuralism studies the underlying structures in texts and seeks universality, often abstracting away from the individual author’s experiences. Formalism, similarly, prioritizes the form and aesthetic qualities of the literary work over its existential or personal dimensions. Each of these approaches limits the exploration of literature as deeply personal expressions of an author's conscience, making the Geneva School the most fitting choice in this context.