Which term represents a recurring theme, element, or dramatic situation in literature?

The term that represents a recurring theme, element, or dramatic situation in literature is a motif. A motif serves as a unifying idea or element that appears throughout a literary work, reinforcing the text’s larger themes and messages. By repeating certain motifs, authors can create deeper connections and emphasize significant aspects of their narratives.

For instance, in a story where the motif of light and darkness recurs, it may symbolize knowledge versus ignorance or good versus evil, enhancing the reader's understanding of the characters' struggles. This is distinct from other terms such as topic, which refers more generally to the subject matter of a text, or theme, which is a complete idea or message about life or human nature that the author wishes to convey. A symbol, on the other hand, often represents specific ideas or concepts but does not necessarily recur in the same way a motif does.